Galileo Galilei
One of the founders of modern mechanics. He opened a new epoch in the controversies of heliocentric vs. geocentric theories by his theorizing and observations by means of a telescope. His name is still alive in such contemporary technial words as the "Galilean principle of relativity" or the "Galilean transformation".
See Galilean Relativity [Japanese]; Galilean Relativity and Galilean Transformation
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